20 Essential AI Design Principles
UX principles for navigating the new rules of AI-powered experiences.
AI - The New Playground
AI is transforming how we design and how people engage with the products we create.
When we design traditional digital products such as dashboards and forms, we’re working with deterministic systems. This means that the behavior is predictable.
But when you add AI into a product, you’re suddenly working with probabilistic systems, ones that learn, shift, and produce different outputs each time.
So, where do you start when the rules are changing?
We need new ways of thinking.
Below you'll find a set of key design principles to guide you.
Don’t treat them as rules, but as lenses to help you shape how AI should behave, and how that behavior should feel for people.
20 AI Design Principles:
Set expectations early
Let users know what the AI can and can’t do before they need to ask.Let people stay in control
Always give users the ability to override, pause, or edit the AI’s actions.Be honest about uncertainty
When the AI is unsure, show it. Confidence levels help calibrate trust.Show your work
Explain how the AI reached a conclusion, even if it’s just a simplified logic.Support recovery and repair
Make it easy to undo or fix issues when the AI makes a mistake.Start small and build trust
Allow users to try low-risk actions before scaling up the complexity.Keep feedback loops alive
Let users train the AI or refine outputs, making them visible as it learns.Adapt to real-world context
AI behavior should adapt to the user's actions and context.Design for edge cases
Don’t just test the happy path; plan for weird inputs and system failures.Stay human, even when it’s a machine
Use tone, warmth, and empathy, especially in chat-based or voice systems.Design for change
If the AI changes over time, let users know when and why.Give clarity, not overwhelm
Make the AI’s role straightforward, not abstract or mysterious.Balance initiative
Don’t let the AI take over without user cues. Shared control is key.Explain the benefit, not the tech
Focus on what the AI enables users to do, not on how it works internally.Be transparent with data use
Let people know what’s being collected, and why it matters.Reflect user values
Design AI behavior to align with user goals, tone, and intent.Test in the wild
AI behavior often changes outside the lab. Validate with real-world users.Anticipate harm, design for safety
List what might go wrong, including bias. Build guardrails, defaults, and failsafes.Adapt to user skill levels
Offer more guidance for beginners, more freedom for experts.Clarify when the AI is involved
Don’t hide AI behaviors. Let people know when something is machine-driven.
UX principles give you the blueprint.
But it’s how you build trust, clarity, and safety that really defines the experience.
👀 More AI + UX Reads:
Designing the Relationship
Designing for AI is also about understanding the kind of relationship you’re creating and how much space the AI is taking up in that relationship.
Will it assist quietly?
Take action independently?
Or learn silently in the background?
Each role shapes a distinct kind of interaction, and each one requires a unique balance of control, transparency, and trust.
When you design AI-powered products, also consider:
What data is being used, and whether users understand or consent
What subtle behavior might shape users over time without them realizing
How could people misuse the product/functionality
Who benefits and who might be excluded or harmed
Before designing, ask yourself this:
What kind of AI experience are we building?
And how should that experience feel?
📚 References & Inspiration
Principles inspired by work from:
Thanks for reading! 🫶
If this helped you, send it to someone building an AI product.
These principles are a solid blueprint! Especially the emphasis on transparency, control, and trust. Great guide for designing AI that actually respects and empowers users.